Matter Short Answer
| # | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| 2 | The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. |
| 3 | Volume describes how much space an object takes up. |
| 4 | Mass describes the amount of substance in an object. |
| 5 | In solids, particles are tightly packed in fixed positions, while in liquids particles are close together but can move past one another. |
| 6 | Gas particles move freely and are far apart, so gases expand to fill their container. |
| 7 | Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. |
| 8 | The SI unit for density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). |
| 9 | Its density decreases because density equals mass divided by volume. |
| 10 | Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| 11 | As temperature increases, particles move faster on average. |
| 12 | A physical change alters the form or state of matter without making a new substance, while a chemical change produces one or more new substances. |
| 13 | Melting ice is an example of a physical change. |
| 14 | Rusting iron is an example of a chemical change. |
| 15 | It states that mass is neither created nor destroyed, so the total mass remains constant. |
| 16 | Because the particles remain the same substance; only their spacing and motion change during a state change. |
| 17 | An element contains only one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more different elements chemically bonded together. |
| 18 | An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element. |
| 19 | Subatomic particles are the smaller particles that make up atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| 20 | Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. |
| 21 | An electron has a negative charge. |
| 22 | The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| 23 | They have different numbers of protons and different electron arrangements, which lead to different chemical and physical properties. |
| 24 | An isotope is an atom of the same element that has a different number of neutrons. |
| 25 | They have very similar chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons. |
| 26 | A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together. |
| 27 | Water is a compound because it is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically bonded in a fixed ratio. |
| 28 | A pure substance has a fixed composition, while a mixture contains two or more substances physically combined. |
| 29 | A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, while a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition. |
| 30 | Air is a mixture because it contains different gases physically combined, not chemically bonded. |
| 31 | A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. |
| 32 | Salt is the solute, and water is the solvent. |
| 33 | It means the substance can dissolve in a given solvent. |
| 34 | For most solids, solubility increases as temperature increases. |
| 35 | Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. |
| 36 | Because iron is magnetic and sand is not, so a magnet can remove the iron filings. |
| 37 | A phase change is a change from one state of matter to another. |
| 38 | Melting is endothermic because it requires energy to overcome the forces holding particles in a solid structure. |
| 39 | Evaporation happens at the surface of a liquid and can occur at any temperature, while boiling happens throughout the liquid at a specific temperature. |
| 40 | The particle model shows that gas particles are far apart with lots of empty space, so they can be pushed closer together, while solid particles are tightly packed with very little space to compress. |