Plants Mixed Practice
| # | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and mineral ions from the soil. |
| 2 | Xylem and phloem. |
| 3 | Chlorophyll, especially chlorophyll a. |
| 4 | The leaf. |
| 5 | Carbon dioxide. |
| 6 | Stomata, controlled by guard cells. |
| 7 | The loss of water vapor from plant aerial parts, mainly through stomata. |
| 8 | Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to shoots and also provides support. |
| 9 | Phloem transports sugars and other organic solutes throughout the plant. |
| 10 | The transpiration stream. |
| 11 | They help regulate water loss through transpiration. |
| 12 | Broad leaves capture more light, and thin leaves provide a short diffusion distance for gases. |
| 13 | Guard cells. |
| 14 | The process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. |
| 15 | Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen (in the presence of light and chlorophyll). |
| 16 | 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2. |
| 17 | Glucose. |
| 18 | Cellular respiration. |
| 19 | In the chloroplasts. |
| 20 | In the mitochondria. |
| 21 | Nitrate ions are needed to make amino acids and proteins, which are essential for growth. |
| 22 | Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll and is needed for photosynthesis. |
| 23 | Chlorosis, especially yellowing between leaf veins. |
| 24 | The movement of sugars and other organic substances in phloem. |
| 25 | It can occur in both directions, depending on source and sink demands. |
| 26 | A part of the plant that produces or releases sugar, such as a mature leaf. |
| 27 | A part of the plant that uses or stores sugar, such as roots, fruits, or growing tissues. |
| 28 | Temperature, humidity, wind speed, or light intensity. |
| 29 | Low humidity increases transpiration because the water vapor gradient is steeper. |
| 30 | Wind increases transpiration by removing moist air around the leaf. |
| 31 | Cells lose turgor pressure, so tissues become limp and the plant droops. |
| 32 | The pressure of cell contents against the cell wall due to water uptake. |
| 33 | The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher water potential to lower water potential. |
| 34 | It reduces water loss by evaporation. |
| 35 | They increase surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions. |
| 36 | They have a large surface area, thin cell walls, and many mitochondria for active transport. |
| 37 | The movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy from ATP. |
| 38 | Because they may move from lower concentration in the soil to higher concentration inside root cells. |
| 39 | Xylem vessels are hollow, long, and have lignified walls to prevent collapse and allow efficient water flow. |
| 40 | It strengthens the walls and prevents them from collapsing under tension. |
| 41 | Water molecules stick together by cohesion and to xylem walls by adhesion, so transpiration from leaves creates a pulling force that draws water upward. |
| 42 | Cohesion. |
| 43 | It helps reduce water loss by avoiding direct exposure to sunlight and wind. |
| 44 | The rate of photosynthesis increases. |
| 45 | An environmental factor that restricts the rate of photosynthesis when in short supply. |
| 46 | It will be limited by carbon dioxide and will not increase much despite the light. |
| 47 | Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while respiration releases usable energy for cell activities. |
| 48 | Monocots usually have parallel leaf veins and fibrous roots, while dicots usually have net-like veins and a taproot system. |
| 49 | The apical bud produces auxin that suppresses lateral bud growth; removing it reduces apical dominance. |
| 50 | A likely nitrogen deficiency; nitrogen is needed for amino acids and proteins, and older leaves may yellow first because nitrogen is moved to younger tissues. |