Energy Review Worksheet
| # | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | Energy is the capacity to do work or cause change in living systems. |
| 2 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate). |
| 3 | Potential energy is stored energy, while kinetic energy is energy of motion. |
| 4 | Living organisms need energy to perform cellular work such as growth, movement, transport, and synthesis of molecules. |
| 5 | Sunlight from the Sun. |
| 6 | The mitochondrion (mitochondria). |
| 7 | To convert the chemical energy in glucose into ATP that cells can use. |
| 8 | Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy). |
| 9 | Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, especially from the red and blue parts of the spectrum, to drive photosynthesis. |
| 10 | The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, and vice versa. |
| 11 | Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism, including those that build and break down molecules. |
| 12 | Exergonic reactions release free energy, while endergonic reactions require an input of energy. |
| 13 | ATP provides energy quickly for cellular processes but is unstable for long-term storage, so cells store energy in molecules like glycogen and fats instead. |
| 14 | Yes. Active transport requires energy, usually from ATP, because it moves substances against their concentration gradient. |
| 15 | The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. In biology, organisms transform energy from one form to another, such as light energy to chemical energy. |
| 16 | The second law states that every energy transfer increases entropy, or energy disorder. Living systems must continually obtain energy to maintain order and carry out life processes. |
| 17 | Most ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| 18 | No. Some energy from glucose is lost as heat, and only part of it is captured in ATP. |
| 19 | Energy transfer is inefficient because organisms use much of the energy they obtain for metabolism, movement, and maintenance, and some energy is lost as heat and waste. |
| 20 | 300 units of energy are captured. Calculation: 2000 × 0.15 = 300. |